AlSi10Mg is a popular aluminum alloy used in metal 3D printing, offering a good combination of mechanical properties, weight, corrosion resistance and printability. This article provides a comprehensive overview of AlSi10Mg including its composition, properties, print parameters, applications, suppliers and more to inform your metal AM decisions.
Overview of AlSi10Mg Alloy
AlSi10Mg is an aluminum casting alloy with excellent strength, weldability and corrosion resistance. With a low density compared to steels, it enables lighter weight finished parts. The addition of silicon and magnesium results in good flow characteristics, making AlSi10Mg a widely used alloy in various metal 3D printing processes.
Key properties and characteristics:
- Aluminum alloy with 10% silicon, 0.3% magnesium
- Low density – 2.68 g/cm3
- Good strength and hardness
- Excellent corrosion resistance
- Good weldability and machinability
- Widely available, relatively low cost
- Requires heat treatment to optimal mechanical properties
Metal 3D printing processes: Selective laser melting (SLM), Electron beam melting (EBM), Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)
Applications: Aerospace, automotive, motorsports, industrial components, healthcare
Standards: AMS 4150, AlSi10Mg(Fe)
Mechanical Properties of AlSi10Mg Parts
AlSi10Mg is precipitation hardened to achieve optimal strength and hardness through heat treatment. Exact property values vary based on build parameters, orientation and post-processing.
AlSi10Mg Mechanical Properties
| Property | As-Built | Heat Treated |
|---|---|---|
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | ~300 MPa | ~420 MPa |
| Yield Strength (Rp 0.2% offset) | ~160 MPa | ~290 MPa |
| Elongation at Break | ~8% | 3-5% |
| Hardness | ~80 HBW | ~130 HBW |
Factors influencing properties: Build orientation, layer thickness, laser parameters, heat treatment, machining
Heat treatment: Solution heat treatment followed by aging treatment
Key advantages: Higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel, good corrosion resistance
Printing AlSi10Mg for Metal 3D Printing
AlSi10Mg requires optimized printing parameters tailored to the metal 3D printing process used to achieve fully dense parts with good mechanicals.
Printing AlSi10Mg: Process Comparison
| SLM | EBM | DMLS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Build chamber | Inert argon | Vacuum | Inert argon |
| Heat source | Fiber laser | Electron beam | Ytterbium laser |
| Beam deflection | Galvo scanner | Magnetic coils | Galvo scanner |
| Layer thickness (ฮผm) | 20 โ 100 | 50 โ 200 | 20 โ 100 |
| Typical scanning speed (m/s) | Up to 10 | Up to 10 | Up to 7 |
| Beam focus (ฮผm) โค100 | โฅ200 | โค100 | |
| **Min feature size (mm)**โค1 | โฅ2 | โค1 | |
| Surface finish (Ra) | 8 โ 15 ฮผm | 15 โ 25 ฮผm | 8 โ 15 ฮผm |
Key printing guidelines:
- Maintain consistent heat input between layers
- Use support structures for overhangs >45ยฐ
- Orient parts to reduce residuals stress
- Apply uniform layer thickness and hatch spacing
Post-Processing: Heat treatment, Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP), machining, grinding, polishing
AlSi10Mg Applications in 3D Printing
The lightweight, strong and corrosion-resistant AlSi10Mg alloy sees wide use aerospace, automotive, industrial and healthcare sectors.
| Industry | Applications | Benefits |
|---|---|---|
| Aerospace | Structural brackets, airframe components, heat exchangers | โ Lightweighting โ Good strength at elevated temps โ Corrosion resistance |
| Automotive | Lightweight chassis, powertrain parts, custom trims | โ Lightweighting โ High strength-to-weight |
| Industrial | Lightweight structures, manifolds, heat sinks | โ Corrosion resistance โ Thermal conductivity โ Cost-effectiveness |
| Healthcare | Custom orthopedic implants, surgical instruments | โ Biocompatible โ Lightweight โ Higher accuracy |
- AlSi10Mg enables lightweight structures not manufacturable by conventional methods
- Ability to consolidate parts and optimize topology unlocks performance gains
- Customized low volume production viable with 3D printing compared to casting processes
Where to Buy AlSi10Mg Powder for Additive Manufacturing
High purity AlSi10Mg powder tailored for AM processes is available from leading metal powder suppliers:
AlSi10Mg Powder Suppliers
| Supplier | Product Designation | Powder Morphology |
|---|---|---|
| Met3DP | AlSi10Mg | Spherical |
| Sandvik Osprey | Osprey AlSi10Mg | Spherical |
| Carpenter Additive | AlSi10Mg | Atomized |
| AP&C | AlSi10Mg Performance | Spherical |
| SLM Solutions | AlSi10Mg | Spherical |
- Price range $100-150 USD/kg
- Buy from reputable suppliers providing full composition and particle size distribution data
- Use fine powder (~25-45 ฮผm) with good flowability and high density
Key powder attributes:
- Sphericity >85% optimal, Flowability >25s/50g using Hall flowmeter funnel
AlSi10Mg Powder Price Per Kilogram
The price of AlSi10Mg powder for metal 3D printing depends on factors like:
- Powder quality and sphericity
- Purchase quantity
- Supplier brand
Typical price range: $100 – $150 per kg
Bulk orders >500 kg offer maximum cost savings. Small R&D quantities <5 kg are sold at premium prices.
AlSi10Mg Price Per Kg – Comparison
| Supplier | Powder Type | Price Per Kg |
|---|---|---|
| Met3DP | AlSi10Mg | $120 |
| Sandvik Osprey | AlSi10Mg Osprey | $130 |
| Carpenter Additive | Gas atomized | $150 |
| SLM Solutions | AlSi10Mg Eiger | $130 |
- Prices indicative for 1 kg
- Custom alloys and tighter sieving available at higher price points
- Asia-Pacific prices approx. 20% lower
Cost Saving Tips:
- Compare prices across several leading suppliers
- Purchase higher volumes for quantity discounts up to 40% lower rate per kg
- Consider using lower grade powders for prototyping before final application
So shop competitive bids and discuss optimal powder specification and budgets with AM experts when buying AlSi10Mg for your metal 3D printing needs.
Design Guidelines and Limitations of AlSi10Mg Parts
Consider the alloys properties and AM process constraints when designing AlSi10Mg parts:
AlSi10Mg Design Rules
| Feature | Rule of Thumb | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Wall thickness | 1-2 mm | Limit porosity, achievable surface finish |
| Overhang angles | > 45ยฐ unsupported | Prevent deformation, improve precision |
| Holes/cylinders | >Vertical, >ร 5 mm | Prevent inaccuracies in horizontal holes |
| Fine features | >0.5-1 mm | Limited by AM process resolution |
| Tolerances | ยฑ 0.2% or ยฑ150 ฮผm | Account for shrinkage, thermal stresses |
- Minimize large overhangs, unsupported geometries
- Include structural supports to prevent warpage, preserve tolerances
- Orient to reduce residual stresses due to thermal gradients
Post-Machining
- Heat treatment reduces machinability
- Finish machining commonly required for precision holes, fits
Limitations vs Cast Parts:
- Higher cost for small volumes <100 units
- Maximum part size constrained by printer dimensions
Frequently Asked Questions on AlSi10Mg Alloy
Q: Is AlSi10Mg readily weldable?
A: Yes, AlSi10Mg can be welded using welding processes like TIG welding. Use 4043 aluminum filler alloy. It has excellent weldability compared to higher strength 2xxx and 7xxx aluminum alloys.
Q: Can you sand/polish AlSi10Mg parts?
A: AlSi10Mg printed parts can be sanded, machined, grinded and mechanically or chemically polished to achieve smooth surface finishes. Post-processing is easier before solution heat treatment and aging when the alloy is softer.
Q: Is AlSi10Mg biocompatible for medical implants?
A: Yes, once the right post-processing is done AlSi10Mg conforms to ASTM F3001 for graded implant materials. Ensure density >99.5% and proper cell growth testing before use.
Q: Does AlSi10Mg require heat treating?
A: Solution heat treatment (540ยฐC) followed by aging (150-170ยฐC) is strongly recommended to get optimal mechanical properties and hardness from precipitation hardening.
Q: What precision and surface finish is achievable with AlSi10Mg parts?
A: Dimensional accuracy up to ยฑ100 ฮผm is possible for AlSi10Mg AM parts. As-built surface roughness ranges 8-15 ฮผm (Ra) after medium quality finish machining, improving to <1 ฮผm for precision CNC machining.
